Psoriatic Arthritis Treatment: A Complete Guide
Rheumatic ConditionsPsoriatic Arthritis

Psoriatic Arthritis Treatment: Medication, Surgery, Lifestyle Changes, and More

Psoriatic Arthritis Treatment: Medication, Surgery, Lifestyle Changes, and More
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Updated on March 19, 2026
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Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is an autoimmune disease that causes inflammation of the skin, joints, tendons, and nails. It can cause pain, swelling, stiffness, and reduced range of motion.

Treatment of psoriatic arthritis aims to relieve symptoms, reduce inflammation, and prevent damage to the joints.

The ultimate goal of PsA treatment is remission, which is generally understood to mean the disappearance of symptoms, or a state of minimal disease activity.

It’s important to get a diagnosis as early as possible, says Chris Morris, MD, a rheumatologist with Arthritis Associates of Kingsport in Tennessee. “Early control of the inflammatory processes can reduce problems like heart disease and osteoporosis, which are associated with inflammatory arthritis. Early and aggressive treatment can also reduce the risk of disability," he says. Medication is the mainstay of treatment for psoriatic arthritis, and your doctor will recommend which medication to try first according to the severity of your disease, any drugs you have tried in the past, your overall health, and your personal preferences.

You’ll need to work with your rheumatologist to make sure that you’re on the treatment regimen that best meets your needs — and if what you’re taking isn’t doing the job, it may be time to try something else.

Psoriatic Arthritis Medication

Several classes of medications are used to treat psoriatic arthritis. Most require a prescription from a medical professional. Psoriatic arthritis treatments may be taken as a pill, applied topically, injected subcutaneously (beneath the skin), or given as an IV infusion.

The practice of adjusting medications to reach a treatment goal is called “treat to target,” and it’s an approach that’s used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory diseases, according to the Arthritis Foundation.

Using a treat-to-target approach to achieve remission can require frequent doctor visits and many changes in your drug regimen. It’s important to discuss your personal goals and priorities for treatment with your rheumatologist to make sure that you’re on the same page and that you understand what’s involved in reaching those goals.

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may reduce pain.. They’re usually taken by mouth, but some can be applied to the skin — as a gel, liquid, or patch — over sore joints for targeted pain relief.

While NSAIDs can help control symptoms of psoriatic arthritis, they don’t prevent joint damage.

Both over-the-counter and prescription NSAIDs are available:

  • ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin)
  • naproxen (Aleve)
  • diclofenac (Arthrotec)
When taken long-term, oral NSAIDs can cause stomach irritation or bleeding, and they can increase the risk of heart attack and stroke.

 Topical NSAIDs, available over the counter, may be an option for people who can’t take oral NSAIDs.

Steroids

Steroids, also known as glucocorticoids, can be used in a few ways in psoriatic arthritis treatment.

They may be taken orally to reduce inflammation and alleviate pain, swelling, and stiffness, particularly during a symptom flare.

They may be injected directly into a joint to reduce pain and stiffness in that joint.

Steroids may be injected into the fingers or toes affected by dactylitis, the swelling sometimes known as “sausage fingers.”

Topical steroids may be applied to fingernails or toenails when psoriatic arthritis causes pitting or flaking of the nails, or steroids may be injected under the surface of the affected nails.

The risks of long-term systemic steroid use include increased appetite, weight gain, high blood sugar, osteoporosis, and others.

While stopping steroid treatment has long been thought to cause psoriasis flares, recent research suggests that the risk of a psoriatic flare is low.

Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs

Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) work by suppressing inflammation-causing chemicals in the body. They can slow the progression of psoriatic arthritis and prevent permanent joint damage.

Most traditional DMARDs are taken by mouth. It can take a month or more before you'll know whether a DMARD is working for you.

The following medicines are DMARDs:

  • methotrexate (Trexall)
  • Leflunomide (Arava)
  • sulfasalazine (Azulfidine)
  • azathioprine (Imuran, Azasan)
  • cyclosporine (Gengraf, Neoral, Sandimmune)

The most commonly used is methotrexate. Azathioprine and cyclosporine are rarely used but may be appropriate in some situations.

Potential side effects of methotrexate and leflunomide include liver damage, so liver function tests must be done before starting these drugs, several weeks after starting them, and periodically for as long as a person is taking the drug. Less serious but common side effects include nausea or vomiting. A common side effect of sulfasalazine is upset stomach.

JAK Inhibitors

Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors are a new type of DMARD that blocks certain enzymes that can cause inflammation. They are taken as pills. These JAK inhibitors are approved to treat psoriatic arthritis:

  • tofacitinib (Xeljanz)
  • upadacitinib (Rinvoq)
Side effects of JAK inhibitors can include nausea, indigestion, diarrhea, headaches, increased risk of upper respiratory tract infections, and increased cholesterol levels. Some of these side effects may decrease over time.

The JAK inhibitors approved for psoriatic arthritis carry warnings about the risks of serious heart-related events, cancer, blood clots, and death associated with these drugs.

Because JAK inhibitors can raise the risk of infections, testing for tuberculosis or other infectious diseases is required before starting treatment. Periodic blood tests for liver function and other measures are also needed while taking the drug.

Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibitors

Phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitors are another new DMARD.

 They work by selectively targeting small molecules inside immune cells to correct the overactive immune response that causes inflammation in psoriatic arthritis. They are taken as pills or delivered topically.These medications include apremalist (Otezla).
Side effects seen in clinical trials of apremilast include headache, abdominal pain, depression, weight loss, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, and upper respiratory tract infections.

Biologics

Biologics target specific cells or proteins of the immune system that play a role in the development of psoriatic arthritis. They can slow or stop the inflammatory processes in the body that lead to joint damage.

The classes of biologics with approved drugs for treatment of psoriatic arthritis include the following:

  • Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)–alpha inhibitors
  • Interleukin 12 and 23 (IL-12, IL-23) inhibitors
  • Interleukin 17A (IL-17A) inhibitors
  • Interleukin 17A and 17F (IL-17A and IL-17F) inhibitors
  • Interleukin 23 (IL-23) inhibitors
  • T-cell inhibitors
The American College of Rheumatology and National Psoriasis Foundation have jointly created guidelines on which biologic to prescribe first, depending on what medications a person has used before, how active their disease is, and what other medical conditions they might have, such as inflammatory bowel disease, which can be treated with some of the same biologics.

If one class of biologics doesn’t control an individual’s psoriatic arthritis symptoms, another might. Only one biologic is prescribed at a time, although doctors may use them in combination with nonbiologics to control symptoms and progression.

All of the biologics are administered as either a subcutaneous injection, which can be taken at home, or as an IV infusion, done in a medical office or hospital infusion center. .

Because biologics can raise the risk of infections, testing for tuberculosis or other infectious diseases may be required before starting treatment with a biologic.

These biologics are approved for treatment of psoriatic arthritis.

Drug Class
Drugs Approved for Psoriatic Arthritis
Route of Administration
Common Side Effects
TNF-alpha inhibitors

adalimumab (Humira)

certolizumab (Cimzia)

etanercept (Enbrel)

golimumab (Simponi)

infliximab (Remicade)

Subcutaneous injection or IV infusion

Increased risk of upper-respiratory tract infections, injection site pain or irritation, headache, rash, and nausea

IL-12, IL-23 inhibitors

ustekinumab (Stelara)

Subcutaneous injection or IV infusion

Increased risk of upper-respiratory tract infections and injection site pain or irritation

IL-17A inhibitors

ixekizumab (Taltz)

secukinumab (Cosentyx)

Subcutaneous injection or IV infusion

For ixekizumab, neutropenia (an abnormally low count of neutrophils, a type of white blood cell), hypersensitivity reaction, infections, and injection site pain or irritation; for secukinumab, increased risk of upper respiratory tract infections and diarrhea

IL-17A and IL-17F inhibitors

bimekizumab (Bimzelx)

Subcutaneous injection

Upper-respiratory tract infections, oral yeast infections, headache, diarrhea, and urinary tract infections

IL-23 inhibitors

guselkumab (Tremfya)

risankizumab (Skyrizi)

Subcutaneous injection or IV infusion

Increased risk of infections, upper-respiratory tract infections, injection site pain or irritation, headache, fatigue, and joint pain

T-cell inhibitors

abatacept (Orencia)

Subcutaneous injection or IV infusion

Increased risk of infection, dizziness, fatigue, nausea, diarrhea, and headache

Psoriasis Treatments

Many of the medications used to treat psoriatic arthritis may also control psoriasis. Traditional DMARDs, JAK inhibitors, PDE4 inhibitors,

 and biologics all decrease the inflammatory processes that lead to psoriatic arthritis and psoriasis.

On the other hand, NSAIDs can trigger or worsen psoriasis.

In March 2026, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved deucravacitinib (Sotyktu) for adults with psoriatic arthritis. It is the first tyrosine 2 (TYK2) inhibitor approved to treat PsA. The medication blocks TYK2 proteins, which send signals that cause joint inflammation and skin symptoms.

For people whose psoriasis is not adequately controlled with their psoriatic arthritis medication, additional treatments include topical medications, light therapy, and systemic medications other than those used for psoriatic arthritis.

Surgical Options for Psoriatic Arthritis

Ideally, medical treatment for psoriatic arthritis will limit any damage to the joints, and a patient won’t need surgery. If surgery is needed, it may be limited to the joint or joints that are causing the most pain or are otherwise most damaged by the disease.

Several types of surgery may prevent damage or may be needed in response to damage caused by psoriatic arthritis.

Synovectomy

A synovectomy is the removal of the synovium, the connective tissue that lines the insides of joints that involve two bones moving together. Normally, the synovial membrane protects the joint and helps keep it lubricated and moving smoothly.

In psoriatic arthritis, the synovium can become inflamed and overgrown — called synovitis — causing swelling and pain in the joint and contributing to the destruction of the cartilage in the joint.

For some people, drug treatment controls the inflammation and abnormal synovial growth, but for those who don’t respond to medication, a synovectomy is an option.

Depending on the amount of inflammation in the joint, the entire synovium may be removed, or only a portion of it.

Joint Replacement

Joint replacement surgery, or arthroplasty, may be done when psoriatic arthritis has done significant damage to a joint, limiting its functionality.

“Larger joints might be improved by replacement,” says Dr. Morris. He notes that it is important to watch for comorbidities such as cardiac issues when considering surgery.

Surgeons can replace the damaged portions of the joint with metal or plastic replacements.

Typically, several weeks of physical therapy are recommended following joint replacement surgery to regain strength, flexibility, and range of motion in the joint.

Joint Fusion

Another type of surgery for joints damaged by psoriatic arthritis is joint fusion, or arthrodesis. Joint fusion can relieve pain and discomfort in the joint, but it also eliminates any movement in the joint.

Joint fusion is generally done as a last resort, when other approaches haven’t succeeded at controlling pain.

Physical therapy is needed after joint fusion therapy to regain strength and learn to perform tasks of daily living with reduced mobility in the joint.

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Lifestyle Changes

Maintaining a healthy lifestyle is good for your general health, and it may help you manage the symptoms of psoriatic arthritis. If your current lifestyle could use some changes, try taking small steps toward a healthier lifestyle. According to the American Psychological Society, breaking large goals into smaller tasks, and changing one health habit at a time raises the likelihood that you’ll stick with the lifestyle changes you’re attempting to make.

Exercise

Regular exercise can help strengthen muscles and keep your joints strong and flexible, which can reduce joint pain and swelling. It’s also good for your cardiovascular health.

Walking, cycling, biking, and swimming are good low-impact aerobic activities. Strength training — using weights, resistance bands, or your body weight — is also good for building strong muscles and bones.

No matter what exercise you do, it’s important to pace yourself and rest when you need to. It’s also important to get expert instruction from a physical therapist or certified trainer if you’re not sure how to do exercises, particularly strength training, with proper form.

Healthy Diet

Following a healthy diet helps you feel better now and prevent chronic diseases such as diabetes and heart disease. That means eating plenty of whole foods, which include vegetables, fruits, whole grains, nuts and seeds, legumes, and lean meatsmeats, and dairy foods such as milk and yogurt, and avoiding highly processed foods like fast food and packaged snacks.

Cutting back on processed foods can help you achieve and maintain a healthy weight, which may improve your joint health and reduce fatigue.

Stress Management

Elevated stress levels are associated with more pain and symptom flares in psoriatic arthritis. Taking steps to manage your stress may help you manage your disease.

Basic self-care like getting enough sleep, exercising regularly, following a healthy diet, and maintaining social ties can go a long way toward managing day-to-day stressors.

Practicing mindfulness, which can be done in a variety of ways, has also been shown to reduce stress. Mindfulness is simply nonjudgmental, moment-to-moment awareness, whether you’re focused on breathing, the thoughts going through your brain, or the sensations in your body.

Smoking Cessation

Smoking is a trigger for psoriasis.

 And if you smoke, you are more likely to develop psoriatic arthritis.

 It’s been associated with worse physical function in people with psoriatic arthritis.

 The European League Against Rheumatism cautions that smoking in people with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases, which include psoriatic arthritis, “is likely to lead to worse symptom burden as well as increased risk of serious comorbidity, such as cardiovascular disease.”

Stopping smoking has myriad benefits, including reducing psoriatic arthritis and psoriasis symptoms.

Natural Remedies for Psoriatic Arthritis

Few if any large studies have evaluated the safety and effectiveness of complementary therapies for psoriatic arthritis, but that doesn’t mean that all such therapies are necessarily unsafe or unhelpful. However, you should talk to your doctor before trying any new therapy, because there are some risks.

Here are a few popular methods that may have benefits.

Acupuncture

This treatment involves inserting fine needles into the skin. In traditional Chinese medicine, where acupuncture originates, it is said to activate qi, or energy. However it works, acupuncture has been shown to help some pain conditions, according to the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Medicine.

 When it comes to psoriasis, a review of published studies concluded that acupuncture can improve skin lesions with few adverse events.

There is also a published case report in which a woman with psoriatic arthritis felt some relief after two acupuncture treatments combined with supplements of turmeric, sarsaparilla and Vitamin D — but the evidence is much too limited to generalize from her experience.

Massage

Some people with psoriatic arthritis find that their symptoms improve after a massage. A massage can relieve muscle tension and help you feel more relaxed.

The National Psoriasis Foundation cautions people who have psoriasis to tell their massage therapist about their psoriasis when they make the appointment, so they have the opportunity to educate the therapist about their skin condition, including the fact that it’s not contagious. It’s also a chance to ask the therapist what oils or lotions they use, in case there are substances that you know irritate your skin.

Supplements

Supplements, such as fish oil, curcumin, and glucosamine, are thought to reduce inflammation and protect the joints. However, studies looking at their effects on psoriatic arthritis are limited at best.

If you want to try taking a supplement to help manage your symptoms, talk to your doctor first.

Hot or Cold Packs

When your joints start to ache, treatment with an ice pack or a hot pad can help reduce the pain naturally. Which you use is up to you.

When using heat, make sure the heating pad or hot water bottle is warm but not scalding hot. Place a towel or cloth on your skin first to prevent direct contact with the heat source.

Similarly, when using cold, place a towel or cloth on your skin before applying ice or cold packs, and apply for only 20 minutes at a time, letting your skin return to its normal temperature before reapplying.

When to Contact Your Doctor

Even if you see your doctor at regular intervals, there may be times you need to seek their advice between checkups. Some of the health concerns that should prompt you to call your doctor include the following:

  • Sudden worsening or flare of symptoms
  • Development of a new, worrisome symptom

  • New drug side effect

  • Unplanned pregnancy

Any of these could call for a change in your drug regimen or overall treatment plan. But don’t stop any prescribed drugs on your own. Discuss your concerns with your doctor first.

The Takeaway

  • Several classes of medication are used to treat PsA, most requiring a prescription.
  • The ultimate goal of psoriatic arthritis treatment is remission.
  • Surgery, including joint replacement, may be needed in response to damage caused by PsA.
  • A healthy lifestyle that includes exercising, eating a healthy diet, and managing stress can help with symptoms of psoriatic arthritis.

Resources We Trust

Additional reporting by Ingrid Strauch and Barbara Kean.

EDITORIAL SOURCES
Everyday Health follows strict sourcing guidelines to ensure the accuracy of its content, outlined in our editorial policy. We use only trustworthy sources, including peer-reviewed studies, board-certified medical experts, patients with lived experience, and information from top institutions.
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Samir Dalvi, MD

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Samir Dalvi, MD, is a board-certified rheumatologist. He has over 14 years of experience in caring for patients with rheumatologic diseases, including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, lupus, and gout.

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Julie Marks is a freelance writer with more than 20 years of experience covering health, lifestyle, and science topics. In addition to writing for Everyday Health, her work has been featured in WebMD, SELF, Healthline, A&E, Psych Central, Verywell Health, and more. Her goal is to compose helpful articles that readers can easily understand and use to improve their well-being. She is passionate about healthy living and delivering important medical information through her writing.

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